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Willow Palisade (; ) was a system of ditches and embankments planted with willows intended to restrict movement into Manchuria, built by the Qing dynasty during the later 17th century.〔Elliott, Mark C. "The Limits of Tartary: Manchuria in Imperial and National Geographies." ''Journal of Asian Studies'' 59, no. 3 (2000): 603-46.〕 It is often conveniently divided into three connected sections: the western and eastern sections, forming the Inner Willow Palisade around Liaodong Peninsula, and the northern section, also known as the Outer Willow Palisade, separating the traditionally Manchu areas (to the east) from the traditionally Mongol area (to the west) north of the Inner Palisade. ==Layout== Manchuria borders Mongolia in the west, Siberia in the north, China proper to the south and North Korea in the southeast. Inner Manchuria has access to the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea to the south, while Outer Manchuria has access to the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk to the east and northeast. To the south, Jilin was separated from China proper by the Inner Willow Palisade, which restricted the movement of the Han civilians into Jilin and Heilongjiang during the Qing dynasty, as the area was off-limits to the Han civilians until the Qing started colonizing the area with them later on in the dynasty's rule. Only Bannermen, including Chinese Bannermen, were allowed to settled in the area beyond the Willow Palisade. This palisade, often conventionally divided into the eastern and western sections, started in the hills near the Great Wall of China (inland from Shanhaiguan) and ran northeast toward a point located some 33 km north of Kaiyuan, Liaoning, where the Outer Palisade (see below) joined the Inner Palisade. From this junction point the eastern section of the Inner Palisade went eastward, toward Korean border, and eventually southward, ending near the mouth of the Yalu River.〔 With an exception of the northernmost segment (north of Kaiyuan), both eastern and western sections of the Inner Palisade ran either outside of the old Liaodong Wall (the defensive wall built by the Ming dynasty in the 15th century to protect the agricultural heartland of Liaoning from incursions by Mongols and Jianzhou Jurchens), or, in places, reused parts of the old wall.〔Edmonds (1985), map at p. 39〕 The Manchu area was separated from modern-day Inner Mongolia by the Outer Willow Palisade, which kept the Manchu and the Mongols in the area separate. This Outer Palisade, often also described as the northern section of the palisade system, started at the junction point of the three sections (north of Kaiyuan) and ran to the north-east, ending soon after crossing the Sungari River north of Jilin City,〔 near the town of Fate (法特, within Shulan County-level city, at ) 〔(Willow Palisade ) in Encyclopædia Britannica Online; Chinese spelling of place names as per (柳条边 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Willow Palisade」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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